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It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Enhance your purchase. Welcome to the world of Autodesk 3ds Max, a 3D modeling, animation, and rendering software package developed by Autodesk Inc. It is widely used by architects, game developers, design visualization specialists, and visual effects artists. A wide range of modeling and texturing tools make it an ideal platform for 3D modelers and animators.
The intuitive user interface and workflow tools of Autodesk 3ds Max have made the job of design visualization specialists easier. Autodesk 3ds Max for Beginners: A Tutorial Approach is a tutorial-based textbook that introduces the readers to the basic features of 3ds Max created on real world model through tutorials. The textbook caters to the needs of both the novice and the advanced users of the software.
This textbook will help you unleash your creativity and help you create simple and complete 3D models and animations. The textbook will help the learners transform their imagination into reality with ease. Previous page. Publication date. August 1, Print length. See all details. The behavior of compound objects is directly dependent on the quality of the operands, good quality of objects being considered the absence of geometry errors.
These errors can be: double faces, open edges, multiple edges and isolated faces see 4. When working with compound objects it is advisable to check each operand when the result is not as expected holes in the mesh. Exporting objects to an OBJ file will also report any incongruity found in the model. When working with AEC Design Elements it is important to keep in mind that this category of geometry objects is designed to work in combination with specific AEC material templates, see chapter 6.
The Section Object can be found under the shape objects category and it allows cutting sections through objects generating the corresponding cut spline. The actual section object simply represents the current location and orientation of the cutting plane, it is not a Shape object itself but it allows creating section splines when pressing the appropriate button in the modify panel. The section object can be used to generate plans and sections from 3ds Max models, the section splines obtained with this method can then be exported to CAD applications.
Helpers are non-renderable objects that can be considered as the digital modeler's construction tools. Grids are helper objects that can be created permanently into the scene and activated to use as custom reference systems for object creation. Temporary grids, parallel to faces of objects in the scene, are used on object creation when enabling the Autogrid option. This functionality has been maintained but fell into disuse after the introduction of Layers and the Manage Layers function available within the Layers Toolbar.
With this interface the user can toggle the visibility on and off, freeze and unfreeze all objects of entire layers as well as individual objects. Given the assumed user's familiarity with layer based vector programs, it is nowadays advisable to use, as office standard practice, management of scene objects with the Manage Layer interface rather than the Display Panel.
Clones can be created as three different types: Instance, Copy, and Reference. When using Instances children clones maintain a reference to the parent object so that modifiers, sub-object edits, modifiers and material assignment subsequently applied to either the parent or any of the children will propagate to all children and the parent. Copies are simple Clones that maintain no reference with any children or parent objects. References can be considered as one-way Instances in the sense that modifiers applied to the parent will propagate to all children but modifiers applied to any of the children will not propagate to the parent or any other children.
Note that in regards to objects parameters e. In some cases, e. Organizing scenes with groups is usually advisable as it facilitates scene navigation and object selection. Groups can be opened and closed to access each individual component objects. An alternative method to using groups is to attach objects using the edit poly modifier see chapter 4 , this procedure often requires the use of a multi sub-object material see chapter 6.
What level of detail is required to render properly and to adequately serve the purpose of visualization or data extraction? How important is the object in question in relation to the entire scene? Obviously, answers to some of these questions are not always available at the early stages of a project but the user will be able to make at least some educated prediction. A typical beginner's mistake is to spend long hours modeling into great detail objects that might not be visible in final production renderings, it is therefore advisable to review the scope of work to make sure that the modeler has, as much as possible, a clear understanding of the visualization project's intent and the predictable future use of the model.
Object selection can be achieved using the Select Object command via left click on objects in viewports or selecting by name using the Select by Name H dialog with a list of objects contained in the scene and the option to filter objects by category.
Objects in 3ds Max Design can be identified using their names, e. These default names are generated on creation according to the object's type, it is in some cases advisable to review these names and rename objects using more meaningful terms, e. Objects can be renamed using the appropriate field in the Modify Panel or on multiple objects selections using the Rename Objects utility, see chapter 4 — Tools and Utilities.
Executing specific selections manually using the common procedure with the mouse left click in combination with Ctrl and Alt keys to add and remove objects from the selection can be time consuming.
It is important to note that, unlike other software, 3ds Max Design records selection actions in the undo list allowing corrections on the current selection. Selections of multiple objects can also be saved for reuse in future sessions using the Named Selection Sets dialog. Selection Filters are another tool used to simplify the selection process restricting individual types of objects to be selected.
This feature becomes particularly useful when specific tasks, e. Objects should be neatly assigned to specific Layers. The layers Toolbar can be enabled choosing from the list available when right clicking on the Main Toolbar, this interface allows editing layers properties such as visibility, wireframe color and render properties.
Selection by layer is another powerful method of selection that becomes available to the user when objects in the scene are organized with layers. Experienced users will further refine their work flow reducing the time required for complex selections to a minimum; on large projects time spent purely on objects selection can be consistent, therefore it is strongly advisable to organize scene objects using layers and in some cases assigning object names that are meaningful and in reference to the specific discipline they pertain to, e.
This practice has also a positive impact on any subsequent data extraction procedure when object's parameters and attributes will be associated with object names therefore allowing additional sorting options when working with exported spreadsheets. Transform values can be entered either dynamically, manipulating the Gizmo within the viewport, or using the Transform Type-in F12 , a dialog box reporting the world system coordinates and rotation angles of the pivot point of the selected object.
Values can be entered using absolute or relative values, specified by increments. The Gizmo X is the hotkey to toggle its visibility , a visual feature shown in the viewport whenever and object is selected, is used to mark the location of the object's pivot point therefore the origin and orientation of the local coordinate system.
The three axis and planes of the gizmo are also used to apply transforms using the Axis Constraints, limiting the movement of an object in specific directions parallel to the reference system axes and planes. An axis constraint is selected either left clicking on the highlighted gizmo axis or plane or using the F5, F6, F7 and F8 hotkeys.
The axis constraints feature needs to be enabled under the options tab of the grid and snaps settings dialog, when used in combination with Snaps it is a convenient and precise method for placing and aligning objects in reference to other features in the scene.
Using the Reference Coordinate System Pull Down Menu located on the Main Toolbar Object transforms can be applied in reference to the world system as well as other reference systems, the most relevant being the local system, particularly useful when editing at the sub-object level of e-poly objects with polygons not parallel to the world system.
The most popular snaps are vertex and midpoint but others can be enabled via the Grid and Snaps Settings dialog right click on the snaps button on the main toolbar. Snaps can be used in three different modes: 2D ignoring any features not contained in the active grid default XY plane of the world system for perspective views , 3D using features at any location and 2.
The 2. An Angle Snap is available when using the gizmo for applying rotation transforms to objects using angle increments. The value of the increment can be specified in the grid and snaps settings dialog. The rotate transform can be applied to objects using the pivot point as center of rotation or any other snaps features when using Selection Center or Transform Coordinate Center, the user can switch between these modes using the button located on the main toolbar, the default mode is pivot point center.
When applying move transforms using snaps and axis constraints it is important to remember that selection is an action recorded in the undo list and can be reverted simply using the hotkey Ctrl-Z, note also that this does not apply to changes in the axis constraint selection; to avoid selecting objects in the background it is sometimes useful to temporarily lock the selection using the space bar toggle hotkey.
Particularly when working with complex scenes populated by a large number of objects, the user will need to acquire familiarity with the use of snaps and axis constraints, with practice using these features, the user will develop an efficient technique to move objects precisely in the scene.
The Scale, transform can be applied using both the gizmo and the transform type-in, percentage scale factors can be entered for the three directions of the local system, non-uniform scale is also possible. To remove all Rotation and Scale values from selected objects the Reset XForm utility can be used, see chapter 5. The gizmo's axis constraints feature is available for this type of transform as well and, apart from the typical use on individual objects, scale can be applied also at the sub-object level on a selection of vertices with the result of flattening portions of an object's surface.
The sub-object levels are accessible through the modify panel expanding the corresponding level in the Modifier Stack. Depending on the type of object selected, different types of sub-object levels will be available. The user will develop the required knowledge to understand which specific sub-object level would result as the more appropriate to be used to achieve desired geometry modifications. The move, rotate and scale transforms can be applied to elements or selections of elements at sub-object levels such as vertex, segment, edge, border, face and polygon, modifying the overall geometry of the object.
Modifiers have some sort of sub-object level gizmo, center that can be used to locate the center of application and orientation of the modifier, see paragraph 4. The sub-object levels available with editable splines are: vertex, segment and spline.
When editing splines the modify panel gives access to a number of editing tools, the most relevant being: Vertex sub-object level - Vertex Types controls the vertex type, available types are Corner, Bezier-Corner that both create a point of discontinuity in the spline, Smooth that defines a non-adjustable continuous curve and Bezier for adjustable continuous curve using tangent handles.
When working with Bezier corners tangent values can be copied and pasted on other vertices using the Tangent group inside the modify panel.
Other common 2D vector spline editing commands are available such as Fillet, Chamfer and Weld used to collapse multiple vertices into one single vertex using a specified threshold distance. Refine can be used to create new vertices inside a given spline. Segments can be divided into a number of smaller portions creating new equidistant vertices using the Divide button. Spline sub-object level — Compound Shapes are made of multiple splines attached together.
When using compound shapes it is possible to access individual splines at the sub-object level. Common 2D vector spline editing commands can be applied at the spline sub-object level such as: generating an Outline of a selected spline using a specified distance, Trim and Extend, Mirror, Boolean Union, Subtraction and Intersection.
When working with architectural models the user will sometimes use splines already generated for project documentation, e. Splines can also be used as renderable objects with round or rectangular sections of adjustable radius or length and width and an angle of rotation of the section. Epoly objects are usually obtained converting other types of geometry objects, e. Converting a parametric object to a Poly removes access to the original object's parameters, applying the Editable Poly Modifier maintains access to the base object parameters, see 4.
Poly objects are defined by polygons that are surface elements connecting three or more edges. The reader can imagine polygons as surfaces opaque on one side and transparent on the other.
These surfaces are oriented according to the direction of the normal, a vector perpendicular to the surface, the orientation of this vector defines which of the two sides of the surface will receive and reflect light note that surfaces can be rendered as transparent applying a transparent material, see chapter 6.
Polygons with normals oriented towards the interior of the object represent a typical geometry error, in this case the Normal Modifier can be used to unify the normals of an object's polygons. Similarly as with Editable Splines, the geometry of Poly objects is controlled using the following sub-object levels: Vertex, Edge, Border, Polygon and Element. Edge sub-object level — Ring and Loop selections provide an advanced type of edge selections where the initial selection of one edge can be extended to a group of parallel edges all around the object Ring or all edges aligned with the selected one Loop.
Chamfer note that this command applies to vertex as well is used to produce a diagonal cut on edges. Border sub-object level — This type of selection is used mostly to fill holes in the surface using Cap. Create Shape From Selection can be used also at Border sub-object level. Polygon sub-object level — Given the nature of the object, the most significant tools are available under polygon sub-object level.
Cut is a tool used to subdivide polygons creating new edges, Slice plane is a tool used for the same purpose but using a slicing plane on selected polygons. Bridge is a tool that allows connecting the edges of selected polygons creating a bridge between them. Parameters can be interactively set for the number of segments, taper, bias, smooth and twist. Bridge can also be used to remove object's volume between selected polygons.
Flip is used to invert the orientation of the normals. Other useful tools available at the sub-object level are Bevel, Extrude, Outline, Inset, Hinge from edge and Extrude along spline. The Element sub-object level allows selecting and applying transforms to any volumetric entities of which an Epoly may be composed of. Attach allows attaching other objects that become Elements of the current poly object.
A number of other useful features available with most sub-object levels are: Convert Selections which allows to transfer selections holding the Ctrl key while switching between sub-object levels.
Delete delete is used to delete selected elements. EMBED for wordpress. Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write a review.
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